What Is Arduino?
Arduino is an open-sourced platform that is used in building electronic projects. It consists of both a physical programmable circuit board that is often called as a microcontroller (not to be confused with a microprocessor which is much more powerful) and a piece of software or Integrated Development Index that usually runs on your computer. This software is used for writing and uploading code to the Arduino Board.

Due to its open-sourced nature. Arduino has become very popular among people who are novices in the electronics field. Since both the hardware and software are open sourced. It opens a vast horizon of new possibilities by allowing any form of viable modification to perfectly suit its user’s demand.

Arduino Parts:
The Arduino board is usually the main thing in an Arduino Project or kit but there are several other components that are used in addition to provide additional functionality to the board. Some of the handiest parts that are used alongside an Arduino board are discussed below.

Sensors:
Sensors are used by Arduino to interact with their surroundings. It can be used to detect light, water, mist, dust, lasers, carbon monoxide levels, radioactivity and a host of other things. This makes it very easy to program and assemble an Arduino based machine that can detect or react to a certain situation and act accordingly.
Ex: A carbon monoxide detector detects carbon monoxide levels and alerts its surrounding by a warning sound.

Shields:
These are basically pre-built circuit boards that fit on top of your Arduino that can provide you with additional functionalities like controlling motors, providing WIFI, connecting to the internet, controlling a remote/ LED and much much more.

LED Panels
You can attach different LED panels onto an Arduino board allowing it to display information like countdowns or the time. Multiple LED panels can usually be attached to a board.

Other Parts And Components
Apart from the parts mentioned above. You can purchase components like Chip capacitors, Speakers, Radiation modules, digital voltmeters and a host of other items that can be used to increase and diversify the functions of your Arduino.

Breadboards
The breadboard is used while experimenting with circuits without the need for soldering wires. It’s at its core a temporary testing tool with which you can make or break connections quickly.

40x Pin Header:
The 40x Pin header is a series of 40 pins that can be broken or cut into any size that you want. It’s used to make it easier to work with a breadboard.

H Bridge:
It is an integrated circuit that allows the voltage to be applied in either direction. They are typically used alongside DC motors to allow them to spin both forward and backward.

DC Motor:
The DC motor is a component that has a metal rod that spins when electricity is passed through it. The spinning rod can be used to turn a wheel or fan.